生态科学与暴露科学在对健康问题日益关注的世界逐渐交叉渗透。过去大量研究已经证明，暴露于（城市）自然生态系统（定义为生态暴露）对健康有积极效应，提供了比处理疾病这种“下游健康”后果更有效的（上游）预防措施。此外，生态环境与健康领域研究范式逐渐从聚焦环境污染物环境暴露对健康负面效应到关注自然（城市）生态系统提供生态暴露积极健康效应的范式转变。然而，目前仍然缺乏一个整合自然生态系统、生态暴露和健康之间关系的统一框架。基于此，余兆武团队在先前诸多案例研究的基础上，近期在Science 伙伴期刊Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 发文提出了一个新的理论框架——暴露生态学（Exposure Ecology）（DOI: 10.34133/ehs.0165）。文章提出暴露生态学的研究领域和范畴包括主体—现实、客体—现实、主体—虚拟和客体—虚拟维度，并且过去所有研究都可以涵盖在这个坐标系内。在此基础上，文章分析了不同维度的研究趋势与不足，并解释了生态暴露对健康的影响路径，包括减少、恢复、提升能力和潜在危害。进一步讨论了暴露生态学理论形成的理论基础，以及暴露生态学理论体系下的理论推测、内涵及其与其他相关学科的关系。

       此外，基于暴露生态学理论框架，余兆武团队已经开展了系列研究。例如，在主体—现实界面，团队在Landscape and Urban Planning (2024)发文提出了定量居民绿地暴露生理健康效应的效率阈值（Efficiency Threshold）与效益阈值（Benefit Threshold）模型与方法（DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2023.104917），可以为个人绿地暴露与健康效应提供指导。在客体—现实界面，团队陆续在Landscape Ecology (2022)提出了一种新的层级化的绿地暴露评估框架（DOI：10.1007/s10980-021-01378-5）在Ecological Indicators (2023) 提出了绿地暴露不平等指数模型（DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2023.110423），这些工作可以准确定位绿地暴露不足的社区，为决策者与规划师提供科学依据，为城市健康韧性规划提供重要支撑。

图1 暴露生态学论文图文摘要Exposure Ecology drives a unified understanding of the nexus of (urban) natural ecosystem, ecological exposure, and health

余兆武团队在暴露生态学理论框架下已发表的论文：

•Zhaowu Yu*, Gaoyuan Yang, Tao Lin, Bin Zhao, Yaoyang Xu, Xihan Yao, Weiyuan Ma, Henrik Vejre, Bin Jiang. Exposure Ecology drives a unified understanding of the nexus of (urban) natural ecosystem, ecological exposure and health, Ecosystem Health and Sustainability, 2024, DOI: 10.34133/ehs.0165

•Xihan Yao, Zhaowu Yu*, Weiyuan Ma, Junqi Xiong, Gaoyuan Yang*. Quantifying threshold effects of physiological health benefits in greenspace exposure, Landscape and Urban Planning, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2023.104917

•Yingyi Cheng, Zhaowu Yu*, Chi Xu, Gabriele Manoli, Xiaopeng Ren, Jinguang Zhang, Yawen Liu, Rui Yin, Bing Zhao, Henrik Vejre. Climatic and economic background determine the disparities in urbanites' expressed happiness during the summer heat. Environmental Science & Technology, 2023, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.3c01765

•Zhaowu Yu*, Weiyuan Ma, Shiyuan Hu, Xihan Yao, Gaoyuan Yang, Zhaowen Yu, Bin Jiang. A simple but actionable metric for assessing inequity in resident greenspace exposure, Ecological Indicators, 2023, 153:110423, DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2023.110423

•Jinguang Zhang, Zhaowu Yu*, Yingyi Cheng, Xiaohan Sha, Hanyu Zhang, A novel hierarchical framework to evaluate residential exposure to green spaces, Landscape Ecology, 2022, doi: 10.1007/s10980-021-01378-5

•Jinguang Zhang, Zhaowu Yu*, Yingyi Cheng, Caijie Chen, Yi Wan, Bing Zhao, Henrik Vejre. Evaluating the disparities in urban green space provision in heterogeneous communities: The case of a rapidly urbanizing Chinese city. Building and Environment, 2020, 83, doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2020.107170

•Jinguang Zhang, Zhaowu Yu*, Ranhao Sun, Bing Zhao, Henrik Vejre. Links between green space and public health: A bibliometric review of global research trends and future prospects from 1901 to 2019, Environmental Research Letters, 2020, doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ab7f64.

供稿：余兆武课题组

编辑：李博海

审核：张立武